If you want a notion of what John Dewey was teaching teachers to teach their students about thinking from the earliest years of the last century, get yourself a copy of his
How We Think and read that through a few times.
Like that wasn't enough work for one man, Dewey was also a pioneering activist in teaching teachers to think of themselves as professionals, with all the rights and responsibilities that entails. Look into the
history of the AAUP if you want to see how the very idea of academic freedom fought for its place in American educational philosophy during the last century.
Jon Awbrey